Generally, royalty payments are considered as a kind of service or intangible asset usage fee rather than sale of goods. VAT primarily applies on sale of goods, so royalty is usually not covered under VAT but may come under service tax (pre-GST era) or GST now. Since VAT laws don’t specifically exempt royalty, it depends on the state laws — some states may levy VAT on royalty if treated as goods, others may not. Most commonly, royalty payments are not subjected to VAT but under service tax (earlier) or now GST (under reverse charge in some cases). Bottom line: Royalty is generally not VATable as it’s not a sale of goods. It’s more about services or intellectual property use.