The actual HRA deduction that one can avail under Section10 (13A) would be the minimum of the following:
The actual amount of HRA received. 50% of the salary for individuals residing in metros (Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai or Kolkata) and 40% otherwise. Rent paid minus 10% of salary (basic component + dearness allowance). For instance an individual staying in Delhi earns a basic salary of Rs 40,000 per month and rents an apartment for Rs 18,000 per month. He receives an HRA of Rs 25,000 from his employer. His HRA deduction will be the least of the following three figures:
The actual HRA received: Rs 25,000 50% of the salary (since he is staying in a metro city) : Rs 20,000 Excess of rent paid over 10% salary: Rs 18000 - Rs 4,000 = Rs 14,000 Therefore the tax exemption will be Rs 14,000 and the net taxable HRA for the individual will be Rs 25,000 (HRA received) less Rs 14,000 (HRA deduction eligible), which will be equal to Rs 11,000.
Meanwhile if an individual stays in his own property and also gets an HRA from his employer, he will not be entitled for the HRA deduction under the Income Tax Act.