Provision was made against doubtful debtors. Subsequently payment was received from debtors. As such provision earlier made has to be written bakc. Whether such write back can be shown under the head income or not. What should be the correct way of presentation.

I am working in Export house. I want to know that if we books export bill in April 2008 and payment received in May 2009 then where the applicable Exchange rate difference in F.Y. 2008-09 or 2009-10. also
Which rate on 31 March enter and then what is the rate on payment received we calculate, please help me also give the example of entry.

What is average rate under AS 11? In case of huge fluctuations in exchange rates during a particular month or months can we adopt daily rates for average rate ? Can a company adopt daily rates for non-voluminous transactions and average rate for voluminous transactions during a period where there was huge fluctuation in exchange rates (it was not realised while booking the entry, it was realised while closing the books)?

What is average rate under AS 11? In case of huge fluctuations in exchange rate during a month can we adopt daily rates ?
Whether it is correct to adopt daily rates for transactions which are not voluminous and adopt custom rate to transactions which are voluminous (in case of huge fluctuation during that particular month) as per AS 11 ? If yes how to disclose in notes on accounts?

What Is Provision ?
In Which Condition we Should Create the provision

I am working in Export house. I want to know that if we books export bill in April 2008 and payment received in May 2009 then where the applicable Exchange rate difference in F.Y. 2008-09 or 2009-10.

may i know Why Closing Stock Not shown in Trial Balance? moreover i want to know is any ledger maintenance reqd to ascertain c.s ?

Our Company have three mfg units.Can revaluation of F/A be done in one unit only?If Yes, what should be the accounting treatment when one asset tranferred(revalued) to the another unit.

The co is adopting SLM method.

for example: GB 100000, Accumulated dep 19000 NB 81000
Revalued Rs. 120000 and transferred to another unit

Whais mean by Profit Before Tax(PBT)? How the comapnies are caliculated for paying of tax?

what entry we pass of ESI & Pf