FRA and Arbitrage in FRA
This query is : Resolved
30 October 2010
Dear expert member of financial management please help me regarding FRA and Arbitrage in FRA at following link
https://www.caclubindia.com/forum/problem-regarding-fra-topic-of-sfm-for-ca-final--110697.asp
https://www.caclubindia.com/forum/problem-regarding-fra-topic-of-sfm-for-ca-final--110697.asp
30 October 2010
FRA is a forward contract in which one party pays a fixed interest rate, and receives a floating interest rate equal to a reference rate. The payer of the fixed interest rate is also known as the borrower or the buyer, whilst the receiver of the fixed interest rate is the lender or the seller.
The payments are calculated over a notional amount over a certain period, and netted, i.e. only the differential is paid. It is paid on the effective date.
The reference rate is fixed one or two days before the effective date, dependent on the market convention for the particular currency.
FRAs are over-the counter derivatives. A swap is a combination of FRAs.
Many banks and large corporations will use FRAs to hedge future interest rate exposure. The buyer hedges against the risk of rising interest rates, while the seller hedges against the risk of falling interest rates. Other parties that use Forward Rate Agreements are speculators purely looking to make bets on future directional changes in interest rates.
For a basic example, assume Company A enters into an FRA with Company B in which Company A will receive a fixed rate of 5% for one year on a principal of $1 million in three years. In return, Company B will receive the one-year LIBOR rate, determined in three years' time, on the principal amount. The agreement will be settled in cash in three years.
If, after three years' time, the LIBOR is at 5.5%, the settlement to the agreement will require that Company A pay Company B. This is because the LIBOR is higher than the fixed rate. Mathematically, $1 million at 5% generates $50,000 of interest for Company A while $1 million at 5.5% generates $55,000 in interest for Company B. Ignoring present values, the net difference between the two amounts is $5,000, which is paid to Company B.
The payments are calculated over a notional amount over a certain period, and netted, i.e. only the differential is paid. It is paid on the effective date.
The reference rate is fixed one or two days before the effective date, dependent on the market convention for the particular currency.
FRAs are over-the counter derivatives. A swap is a combination of FRAs.
Many banks and large corporations will use FRAs to hedge future interest rate exposure. The buyer hedges against the risk of rising interest rates, while the seller hedges against the risk of falling interest rates. Other parties that use Forward Rate Agreements are speculators purely looking to make bets on future directional changes in interest rates.
For a basic example, assume Company A enters into an FRA with Company B in which Company A will receive a fixed rate of 5% for one year on a principal of $1 million in three years. In return, Company B will receive the one-year LIBOR rate, determined in three years' time, on the principal amount. The agreement will be settled in cash in three years.
If, after three years' time, the LIBOR is at 5.5%, the settlement to the agreement will require that Company A pay Company B. This is because the LIBOR is higher than the fixed rate. Mathematically, $1 million at 5% generates $50,000 of interest for Company A while $1 million at 5.5% generates $55,000 in interest for Company B. Ignoring present values, the net difference between the two amounts is $5,000, which is paid to Company B.
Message likes :
2 times
You need to be the querist or approved CAclub expert to take part in this query .
Click here to login now
Click here to login now
Similar Resolved Queries
Unanswered Queries
- ITR 2 Short Term gain & Long term gain
- Itr 1 processing
- Reporting Income under Section 44ADA
- Off Market debit and credit transaction
- Building and other construction workers welfare cess act 1996
- Short Term Capital gain on shares bought and sold after 2018 onwards
- ITR validation error - Balance sheet is not filled
- ITR 1: Details for showing Exempt Income
- INCOME TAX ON REDEVELOPEMENT OF FLAT
- ITR returnFY25-26
- Delisted shares sold in off market/ Rebate u/s87A
- Error whiling application of GST REFUND (ANNEXURE B)
- While filing GSTR9 accountant couldn't entered the ITC values in Table 6, in 9C it is not accepting
- Opting out" of regime provided under subsection (1A) of Section 115BAC but Form 10IEA is not filed.
- Difference in tax comparison report
- Gst invoice numbering and delivery challan numbering
- Sales amount in Gstr1
- E Commerce GSTR1 & 3B how to file
- GST Cancellation without jurisdiction
- Legal Opinion on Registrar's Refusal to Investigate a Society for Non-Renewal and Non-Compliance
Trending Online Classes
-
DT & Audit (Exam Oriented Fastrack Batch) - For May 26 Exams and onwards Full English
CA Bhanwar Borana & CA Shubham Keswani
Subscribe to Pro
Join an elite circle of professionals
CAclubindia
