21 November 2025
For the transmission of unlisted shares (i.e., transferring shares of a deceased or insolvent shareholder to their legal heir), the primary authority to approach is the company itself or its registrar and transfer agent, as they are responsible for processing such transmissions based on the Companies Act, 2013 and associated rules.
Under Section 58 of the Companies Act, 2013, if a company refuses or fails to register the transmission of shares, the applicant can appeal to the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) within 90 days of making the request if there is no response or 60 days of a refusal notice.
The NCLT is the quasi-judicial authority that oversees such matters when the company does not act. This is the next level of authority after the company and MCA.