01 September 2011
CONTENTS Disclaimer 1 Acknowledgements 2 Contents 3 Abbreviations 4 Executive Summary 7 Chapter 1: Background 12 Chapter 2: Potential Benefits of Biofuels 16 Chapter 3: Production Potential of Biofuel Feedstocks in the SADC Region 24 Chapter 4: Technological Aspects of Biofuels 31 Chapter 5: Location and Size of Biofuel Plants 44 Chapter 6: Critical Issues to be Addressed 50 Chapter 7: Policy Implications for Biofuels 57 Chapter 8: Conclusion and Recommendations 62 Indicative Implementation Plan for the SADC Biofuels Programme 66 References 71 Annexes Annex I: Draft Regional Policy Paper on Biofuels 73 Annex II: Outlines of a SADC Brochure on Biofuels 74 Annex III: Details of Meetings Held With Stakeholders 76 Annex IV: List of Persons and Organizations Consulted 84 Annex V: Terms of Reference for the Feasibility Study on the Production and Use of Biofuel in the SADC Region 90 Annex VI: Brief Profiles of the Consultants 93 Annex VI1: Technical briefs of the seven suggested energy crops for SADC 94 Annex VIII: Tables on production of suggested energy crops in SADC region. 97 Annex IX: Figure 1. Map of rainfall pattern for SADC region. 102 Annex X: Figure 10.1 Principle of oil expeller operation 103 Figure 10.2 Simplified process flow sheet for production of biodiesel 103 Figure 10.3 Simplified process flow sheet for production of ethanol 104 Annex XI: Biodiesel B100 specifications 105 Annex XII: European and Australian standards for biodiesel. 106 Annex XIII: Environmental specifications for diesel. 107 Annex XIV: Environmental specifications for petrol. 108 Annex XV: US ethanol specifications 109 4 ABBREVIATIONS