As per AS7 of ICAI: When an uncertainty arises about the collectability of an amount already included in contract revenue, and already recognised in the statement of profit and loss, the uncollectable amount or the amount in respect of which recovery has ceased to be probable is recognised as an expense rather than as an adjustment of the amount of contract revenue.

Now my questions are:
1. how should i classify(group) this expense? does it fall under direct or indirect expense. please note that the uncollectability arises due to final measurement and not a bad debt situation.
2. Incase the revenue is recognised during mid year reconstiution of firm should i follow the above guidelines if the adjustment is to be done in the same accounting year?
Example: the construction contract was taken up during april 2023. Reconstitution of firm happens on Dec,2023 and at that time the initial contract amount was recognised as revenue, now the work finished on Jan., 2024 itself and during final measurement slight variation in amount is noticed and that necessitate an adjustment of recognised revenue. Now given that this whole thing is happening in the same accounting year and year end profit and loss is not prepared yet, but mid year p&l due to reconstitution was prepared, shouldi i follow the Accounting guideline qouted above and recognise the uncollectable amount as expense or adjustment of revenue is permitted? if expense need to be recognised, will it be a direct expense or indirect?

A Startup company issued 1000 ESOP @ 10 per share (face value) to its employees. The company went into acquisition and the acquirer bought all the ESOP at market price say 100 per share. The Acquiring company booked it as "Investment in the Startup" with the price paid i.e. 1000 x 100 = 1,00,000, however, in Startup's books the amount is standing as 100 x 10 = 10,000.
Now when the company is trying to consolidate the books there is a difference of 90000.

How should the Startup incorporate the transaction between the Acquiring company and Shareholders (employees holding ESOP) to match the investment amount as standing in Acquiring company's books of account.\?

Sir,
We conducted one study of Engineering Services and our study paper was published in one of e-Journal. We paid for publication charges. What will be the Account Head for Publication charges?
Thanks

I have purchased a Tool/Die for production of Customer parts. Normally Customer is paying the cost of Tool upfront and it is property of Customer.
Here Customer is paying Tool/Die cost via amortisation in part price ( i.e., Cost of Tool Rs 10 Lacs, Part price settled Rs 10/Pcs, Tool cost amortised on 10 Lacs parts as Rs 1 per part, Customer PO of parts sale now Rs 10 +1 = 11/- till 10 Lacs parts). Tool ownership will be Customer only as he is paying the cost.

Please suggest the accounting of the same.

B ltd (aluminium manufacturer) is going to erect a plant. It is planning to outsource entire erection and commissioning work to ABC pvt ltd with following terms & conditions

1. entire expenses of erection and commissioning to be borne by ABC pvt ltd
2. B ltd will not pay any amount untill plant is ready for operation
3. After plant is ready for operation B ltd will pay ABC Pvt ltd 20 lacs every month for 12 month
4. After 12 months entire rights pertaining to assets to be transferred to B Ltd

My Query ?
1. what will be the accounting treatment of erection and commissioning expenses in the books of ABC pvt ltd - i.e Fixed assets or stock ?
2. How revenue 20 lacs every month will be booked after plant is ready for operation ?
3. when and how assets should be transferred by ABC pvt ltd to B ltd.
4. At what price asset will be recorded in the books and From which date B ltd will be able to claim depreciation ?

One developer company pays staff salaries without deducting the EPF contribution from employees. The company pays both employer & employee contributions from their bank account & shows employees' contributions which are actually paid by the employer as staff welfare in books of accounts. If this method is correct? please clarify urgently.

where may come nigative figure in Profit and loss account and balance sheet.

Dear Team,

Good day to All,

Could anyone please advise how to account freight charges shown in the Sales Invoice generated by my firm.

Example: Sale of FG 100
freight 05
Total 105

Can I consider Total sales value as 105 or should I take 5 (freight charges) into COGS.

Please advise and do the needful.

Thanks and regards,
V B Vijay Kumar

School van was purchased through finance, how to entry the due amount with interest in tally.? for ex: Due amount was Rs.20000 & interest was Rs.10000. In tally single entry system, i made entries in payment voucher like, accounts - bank a/cs (credit ); ledger- finance due (debit )-20000 ; interest (debit)-10000; in total 30000/-. is that right.?

whether whole time director remuneration come under salary and wages under scheduled III of profit and loss account.