27 July 2025
When paying **license fees to a US-based NRI**, the **TDS applicability** is governed by **Section 195** of the Income Tax Act, and the rate can vary depending on whether the **Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA)** between **India and the USA** is invoked.
---
## ✅ Key Steps to Determine TDS Rate:
### 1. **Check PAN Availability**
* If the **NRI does not have PAN**, then **Section 206AA** applies → **TDS @ 20%**. * If **PAN is available**, DTAA can be applied → lower rate possible.
---
### 2. **Refer India–USA DTAA**
You can find the full text here: 🔗 [DTAA India-USA](https://incometaxindia.gov.in/pages/international-taxation/dtaa.aspx)
Relevant Article: **Article 12 – Royalties and Fees for Included Services**
> **Royalty / license fees paid to a US resident** is generally taxed at **15%** (on gross amount) **under DTAA**.
---
### 3. **Determine if Payment Qualifies as 'Royalty'**
"License fees" for the **use of IP, software, or technical know-how** typically fall under **'royalty'** as per Article 12 of the India–US DTAA.
---
## ✅ Final TDS Rate Summary
| Condition | TDS Rate | | --------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | | NRI has no PAN | **20%** under **Section 206AA** | | NRI has PAN, DTAA invoked with Form 10F & TRC | **15%** (as per **India–USA DTAA**) | | No DTAA benefit claimed (even if PAN exists) | **30%** (as per Section 115A for royalties) |
---
## ✅ Required Documentation to Claim DTAA Benefit:
1. **Tax Residency Certificate (TRC)** from the US tax authority (IRS) 2. **Form 10F** 3. **Self-declaration** that the NRI has no PE (Permanent Establishment) in India 4. **PAN of the NRI**
---
Let me know if you want a **sample Form 10F** or **self-declaration template** to claim DTAA benefit.