How to made entery in accounting software exchange rate flucation and which difference calculate

Co. A ltd. has given its trademark as a collateral security against a loan taken by Co. B Ltd.

Such security given by Co. B will be reflected under which head in the Notes to accounts of Company B.

Plz Clarify

Kindly explain me the difference between corporate and non corporate entities?
And also why accounting standards are only applicable to non corporate entities?
IT WOULD BE OF GREAT HELP IF YOU CAN REMOVE THIS CONFUSION....SOMEONE PLEASE DO HELP...

in our company the salary will be made after the month for eg may month salary will be paid in the first week of june. for the month end we will create journal salary dr to salary o/s entry
when salary will be paid the entry will be salary o/s dr to bank account.
now the question is when preparing voucher for salary in the first week of june the debit account should be salary o/s or salary a/c becoz one of the person is objecting that the voucher should not be in the name of salary o/s and it should be salary account. is there wrong in preparing voucher as debit account salary o/s instead of salary a/c

Please Can anyone explain me what is the difference between SMC & SME in Accounting Standard, and Which are Covered Under Level-I & Level-II Category ?

few customers giving payment less in Rs.2/- and Rs.3/- against bill number what is the entry to adjust the amount Rs.2/- and Rs.3/-

How to treat the testing and certification charges incurred for acquiring a government certificate (ISO) valid for 5 years? What head do they fall under in P&L a/c and B/S and should they be capitalized? Please quote relevant provisions or standards in support of the answer so that I can have a better idea. Thank you.

Dear Sir,

i hve started my small software company i want to knw how i can manage company I am not getting from where to start ... I got one project and I wanted to manage it from company accountthe start... so How to do it ..?
I need ur help in setting up my company accounting ... Can you help me?

what is the accounting treatment of promoters contribution for a private limited company??
whether it is shown under share capital or as shown under unsecured loans or liability??

please guide me for the same.

I wanted to know if the housing loan is taken by two persons, what would be the entries in there respective books. Whether the amount of loan is booked proportionately or whole amount of loan is booked in there respective books as the proportionate amount will be a contingent liability.