When an employee receives both HRA and Rent-Free Accommodation (RFA) from the same employer, the tax treatment is as follows:
HRA exemption under Section 10(13A) is allowed only if the employee actually pays rent to a landlord (third party).
If the employee is getting Rent-Free Accommodation (RFA) from the employer, then HRA exemption is generally not allowed, because there is no rent payment made by the employee.
Moreover, RFA is itself a taxable perquisite under the head โSalaryโ and taxed on the basis of its valuation (depending on city and salary).
So practically: HRA received will be fully taxable if the employee also enjoys rent-free accommodation.
The value of rent-free accommodation will be added to taxable salary as per perquisite valuation rules.