please explain the functioning of 4 layers of tcp ip?

please explain the following terms:
a.) middleware
b.)ftp
c.)ooui
d.)BULL WHIP EFFECT
E.) logical schema

what are open source applications?

what is the diffrence between multi tasking ,multi programming and multi threading?

hello!!pls help me in clearing IT n SM paper of IPCE,,guide me which material to follow,,or is it enough to follow ICAI material??

SIR,
I HAVE PASSED THE OLT EXAM AND THE RESULT WAS DECLARED ON 25TH OF MARCH.SIR CAN I START MY ARTICLESHIP NOW OR I HAVE TO WAIT FOR RECEIVING THE CERTIFICATE.IF I START MY ARTICLESHIP BEFORE RECEIVING THE ITT CERTIFICATE THEN MY ARTICLESHIP WILL BE VALID OR NOT.

hello i m a icwa student inter 2 group. i just wanna know is there any books for operation mgt and information system.plz do tell me as a self study purpose plzz.

I am a Chartered Accountant working with Capgemini as a consultant for ERP packages. Recently i came to know about CISA certification. Can anyone please help me to know about future prospects of having CISA certification with CA, areas of work, any other course better than CISA in terms of growth prospects which is related to IT and suitable for CA's

i am running a computer training institute in Bangalore but do not know how can i get registration for providing computer training
1) which is the appropriate Govt Body in karnataka to get registered?
2) Can i register my Computer Training institute as prop. concern
3)If i want to registered as prop. concern which Govt Dept. i should approach ?

I HAVE A CS EXECUTIVE IT TRANNING EXAM TOMMOROW AND I DONT KNOW WHAT TO STUDY CAN ANY GOOD PERSON HERE CAN PROVIDE ME THE SAMPLE QUESTION OR NOTES OF CS IT TRAINJNG IT EXAM