30 October 2007
As per The Payment of Bonus act,1965., we have to compute gross profit and available surplus. How we have to compute it. For computation of available surplus , we have to deduct income tax , depreciation as per income tax rule and other sums. Which amount is related to other sum.
If allocated bonus amount is mor than bonus payable , then what is rule of balance set on c/f .
28 September 2009
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30 May 2012
Computation of amount available for distribution as bonus - The establishment has to prepare a balance sheet and profit and loss account of the year and calculate the ‘gross profit’, ‘available surplus’ and ‘allocable surplus’ as per method and formula given in Bonus Act.
The first step is to calculate ‘Gross Profit’. As per section 4, the gross profit in respect of any accounting year is required to be calculated as per First Schedule to Act in case of banking company and as per second schedule in case of other establishments. After calculation of ‘Gross Profit’ as per section 4, next step is to calculate ‘Available Surplus’. As per section 5, ‘available surplus’ is calculated by deducting sums as specified in section 6 from ‘gross profit’ arrived at as per section 6 and adding difference equal to income tax on the bonus paid in the preceding year.
Thus, Available Surplus is equal to Gross Profit [as per section 4] less prior charges allowable as deduction u/s 6 plus amount equal to income tax on bonus portion calculated as per proviso (b) to section 5.
Allocable surplus is equal to 60% of ‘available surplus’ calculated as per provisions of section 5. [In case of company which does not deduct tax at source as per provisions of section 194 of Income Tax Act, ‘allocable surplus’ will be 67% of ‘available surplus’. Frankly, I am not able to visualise a situation where a company can legally ignore provisions of section 194 of Income Tax Act]. - - This ‘allocable surplus’ has to be distributed as bonus among employees in proportion to the salary or wages actually earned by each employee during the year. However, this is subject to minimum 8.33% and maximum 20% as explained below.
Set off and set on provisions - It may happen that in some years, the allocable surplus is more than the amount paid to employees as bonus calculating it @ 20%. Such excess ‘allocable surplus’ is carried forward to next year for calculation purposes. This is called ‘carry forward for being set on in succeeding years’. The ceiling on set on that is required to be carried forward is 20% of total salary and wages of employees employed in the establishment. In other words, even if actual excess is more than 20% of salary/wages, only 20% is required to be carried forward. The amount set on is carried forward only upto and inclusive of the fourth accounting year. If the amount carried forward is not utilised in that period, it lapses [section 15(1)].
Similarly, in a particular year, there may be lower ‘allocable surplus’ or no ‘allocable surplus’ even for payment of 8.33% bonus. Such shortfall is also carried to next year. This is called ‘carry forward for being set off in succeeding years’. Thus, in every year, ‘allocable surplus’ is calculated. To this amount, set on from previous years is added. Similarly, set off, if any, from previous years is deducted. This gives amount which is available for distribution as bonus. The amount set off is carried forward only upto and inclusive of the fourth accounting year. If the amount carried forward is not set off in that period, it lapses. [section 15(2)]
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