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Introduction In a landmark move on 21 November 2025, the Government of India formally brought into effect the four major labour codes: Code on Wages, 2019 Industrial Relations Code, 2020 Code on Social Security, 2020 Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 These cod
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FAQ :
The four new labour codes are the Code on Wages, 2019; the Industrial Relations Code, 2020; the Code on Social Security, 2020; and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020.
The four major labour codes were formally brought into effect by the Government of India on 21 November 2025.
The Code on Wages introduces a statutory right to minimum wages for all employees, including those in organised and unorganised sectors, and establishes a national floor wage set by the central government.
The Industrial Relations Code raises the threshold for requiring government approval for lay-offs, retrenchments, and closures to 300 employees, offering employers more flexibility. It also mandates written appointment letters for workers.
The Code on Social Security broadens the scope of social security schemes to include unorganised sector workers, gig workers, and platform workers, and emphasises portability of these benefits across states and sectors.
Key challenges include the need for state-level rule-making, potential delays in implementation across states, restructuring existing contracts, compliance burdens on smaller firms, and ensuring worker awareness and protection, especially in less-organised sectors.
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