This article provides a comprehensive revision of Accounting Standard (AS) 2 on the Valuation of Inventories, crucial for CA Intermediate students. It details what constitutes inventory, its exclusion criteria, and the fundamental principle of valuing inventories at the lower of cost or net realisable value (NRV). The guide also explains how to calculate cost and NRV, including specific components like conversion costs and other costs, and clarifies what expenses are excluded from the cost calculation. Finally, it touches upon inventory valuation methods and disclosure requirements as per AS 2.
AS 2 Valuation of Inventories
(Issued in June 1981, revised and made mandate for accounting periods commencing on or after April 1999)
Definition of Inventory
As per Para 3 of AS 2 Inventory includes:
Inventory does not Include
As per Para 1 of AS 2 inventory does not include:
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FAQ :
Inventories are to be valued at the lower of cost or net realisable value (NRV).
Cost includes purchase price, conversion costs (direct labour, allocated fixed and variable overheads), and other costs incurred to bring the inventory to its present location and condition. Interest and borrowing costs are included only if the inventory takes substantial time to get ready for its intended use.
NRV is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
Trade discounts are always reduced from the cost of inventory. Cash discounts are not reduced from the cost but are considered in the profit and loss account.
Disclosures include the accounting policies for inventory measurement, the cost formulae used, and the total carrying amounts of inventories, classified by type (e.g., raw materials, WIP, finished goods).