Difference between......

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According to Companies Act, Government company is also a public limited company.

Public Company means a company which-

(a) is not a private company;
(b) has a minimum paid-up capital of five lakh rupees or such higher paid-up capital, as may be prescribed;
(c) is a private company which is a subsidiary of a company which is not a private company.

A public limited company wherein Central or any State Government holds not less than 51% of paid up shareholding, it is called as government company.

Dear anjali , public companies divided into two parts .

first known as govt. company & others are non govt. co.

in a public co. where govt holdings are as per sec, 619 than its known as govt company , otherwise it known as only public company.

every listed company is known as public company like RIL, ITC but if if there are holdings are as per sec. 619 than these are as govt. company like ONGC, IOC, BPCl, BHEL,etc, 

for Public Company go to this link

https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1330413/

For government company

For the purposes of ¹[this Act] Government company, means any company in which not less than fifty one per cent of the ²[paid-up share capital] is held by the Central Government, or by any State Government or Governments, or partly by the Central Government and partly by one or more State Governments, ³[and includes a company which is a subsidiary of a Government company as thus defined].