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The European Union and India have successfully concluded negotiations for a landmark Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Described as the most ambitious and commercially significant trade pact ever concluded by either side, the agreement comes at a time of heightened geopolitical tensions and economic uncer
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The agreement is described as the most ambitious and commercially significant trade pact ever concluded by either the EU or India, creating a free trade zone for nearly 2 billion people and strengthening economic and political ties.
EU goods exports to India are projected to double by 2032, with tariffs eliminated or reduced on 96.6% of EU exports. European exporters are estimated to save around €4 billion annually in customs duties, and businesses will gain unprecedented market access.
Key sectors include cars (tariffs reducing from 110% to as low as 10%), car parts (fully eliminated within 5-10 years), machinery (tariffs up to 44% largely removed), chemicals (tariffs up to 22% mostly eliminated), and pharmaceuticals (tariffs up to 11% significantly reduced).
The FTA significantly lowers or removes high agri-food tariffs, with notable reductions for wine (from 150% to as low as 20%) and olive oil (from 45% to zero over five years). However, sensitive products like beef, poultry, rice, and sugar are excluded from liberalisation.
The agreement grants EU companies privileged access to India's services market, including financial and maritime transport services. It also includes strong provisions to enhance protection for intellectual property rights, such as copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets.
Yes, a dedicated chapter underscores commitments to environmental protection, climate action, labour rights, and women's empowerment. The EU also plans to establish a Climate Cooperation Platform and provide financial support for India's green transition.
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