Pollution licence (formally called 'Consent to Establish' / CTE and 'Consent to Operate' / CTO) is issued by the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. Here is the process:
1. Determine Applicability: All industries in the Red, Orange, Green, or White category (as per CPCB categorization) need CTE/CTO. White category industries are generally exempt or need simple registration. Red/Orange industries face stricter scrutiny.
2. Consent to Establish (CTE): Required BEFORE setting up the industry/factory. Apply to SPCB with: - Application form (available on SPCB website) - Site plan, process flow diagram - Details of pollutants to be generated and treatment plan - Land documents - EIA (Environment Impact Assessment) if applicable for larger projects
3. Consent to Operate (CTO): Required BEFORE commencing operations (after CTE is granted and plant is set up). Documents: Actual plant layout, installation certificates, pollution control equipment details, test reports.
4. Online Application: Most SPCBs now have online portals (e.g., MPCB, KSPCB, UPPCB) — apply through the respective state's pollution board portal. Some states are integrated with the national PARIVESH portal (parivesh.nic.in).
5. Renewal: CTO is typically valid for 1–5 years (varies by state and category) and must be renewed before expiry. Late renewal attracts penalty.
6. Penalty for Non-Compliance: Operating without consent can lead to closure orders, heavy penalties, and even criminal prosecution under the Environment Protection Act.