Penalty for inaccurate particulars of income is levied under Section 270A of the IT Act (applicable from AY 2017-18 onwards, replacing Section 271). Here is the calculation method:
1. Section 270A – Under-Reporting vs Misreporting:
a) Under-Reporting of Income: Tax payable on under-reported income × 50%. - Under-reported income = Assessed income minus Income returned (or income assessed earlier).
b) Misreporting of Income (more serious): Tax payable on misreported income × 200%. - Misreporting includes: furnishing false/fabricated evidence, recording false entry in books, suppression of facts, claiming bogus deductions, failure to report international transaction under Sec 92E.
2. Tax on Under-Reported Income: Compute tax at applicable rates on the under-reported income portion and apply 50% (or 200% for misreporting) on that tax amount.
4. Immunity: Section 270AA provides immunity from penalty if the assessee pays tax and interest within the time specified and does not appeal against the assessment — applicable only for under-reporting (not misreporting).
5. Old Provision (Sec 271): For pre-AY 2017-18 cases, penalty under Section 271(1)(c) is 100% to 300% of tax on concealed income.