How to calculate penalty for inaccurate particulars of income

if income is loss but penalty initiated for inaccurate particulars of income against addition than how to calculate penalty
Replies (1)
Penalty for inaccurate particulars of income is levied under Section 270A of the IT Act (applicable from AY 2017-18 onwards, replacing Section 271). Here is the calculation method:

1. Section 270A – Under-Reporting vs Misreporting:

a) Under-Reporting of Income: Tax payable on under-reported income × 50%.
  - Under-reported income = Assessed income minus Income returned (or income assessed earlier).

b) Misreporting of Income (more serious): Tax payable on misreported income × 200%.
  - Misreporting includes: furnishing false/fabricated evidence, recording false entry in books, suppression of facts, claiming bogus deductions, failure to report international transaction under Sec 92E.

2. Tax on Under-Reported Income: Compute tax at applicable rates on the under-reported income portion and apply 50% (or 200% for misreporting) on that tax amount.

3. Example:
  - Total assessed income: Rs. 20 lakh
  - Income returned: Rs. 15 lakh
  - Under-reported income: Rs. 5 lakh
  - Tax on Rs. 5 lakh (at applicable slab rate, say 20%): Rs. 1 lakh
  - Penalty u/s 270A (under-reporting): 50% × Rs. 1 lakh = Rs. 50,000

4. Immunity: Section 270AA provides immunity from penalty if the assessee pays tax and interest within the time specified and does not appeal against the assessment — applicable only for under-reporting (not misreporting).

5. Old Provision (Sec 271): For pre-AY 2017-18 cases, penalty under Section 271(1)(c) is 100% to 300% of tax on concealed income.

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