Differences in Information Technology

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Q.No.1. Data Vs. Information.

SL. NO.	Distinction	Data	Information
1.	Meaning	It is the smallest raw fact of life. It is the plural form of the word datum.	It is the processed data.
2.	Input/Output	It is the input for processing.	It is the output of processing.
3.	Usefulness to the user.	It is not directly useful to the user.	It is directly useful to the user because of its presentation, format and design.
4.	How is it collected?	It is generally collected in vouchers or source documents from which they are entered into computer.	It is always presented in a well designed format, either on paper or on computer terminal.
5.	From where it is collected?	Data used for a single application is collected from several departments.	Information in the form of report is distributed to more than one department or business function.
6.	Volume	Data for business applications is generally voluminous.	Information is the way of summarizing data so that it has some use and value to the user. Summarization brings down the volume of information.
7.	Nature	Data should be accurate but need not be relevant, timely or concise.	Information must be relevant, accurate, timely, concise and complete and apply to the current situation.

Replies (15)

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DAILY ONE DISTINCTION Q & A WILL BE POSTED FOR THE NEXT UPCOMING 80 DAYS.

Ashish M

Chartered Accountant

2731 Points Joined January 2008

THANKS

Guest

Q.No.2. Analog Vs. Digital Computer.

No.	Analog Computer	Digital Computer
1.	Analog computers represent numbers by a physical quantity i.e. they assign numbers by physically measuring some physical property such as voltage, temperature, etc.	Digital computers represent data as numbers. Counting on fingers is the simplest form of digital computers.
2.	Analog computers process analog signals which are continuous in nature.	Digital computers process digital signals which are in discrete form.
3.	These Computers are not accurate and have limited storage capacity.	These computers are highly accurate upto several decimal places.
4.	These are very much suitable for scientific and engineering applications.	These are very much suitable for business data applications.
5.	They are cheap and easy to program.	They are costly and complex to program.
6.	Programming is easy and cheap.	Programming is complex and costly.
7.	Storage capacity is limited.	Can store huge volume of data.
8.	Single purpose.	Multi purpose.

Guest

Q.No.3. Bit Vs. Byte

No.	BIT	BYTE
1.	It is the smallest unit of storage measurement.	It is a collection of 8 bits.
2.	A bit can represent either ‘0’ or ‘1’.	It can represent an alphabet, number or some special symbol.
3.	It is represented in the form of ON or OFF in the memory.	It is used to represent several combinations of bits that indicate a character.
4.	It is used to represent small amount of memory.	It is used to represent large amount of memory.

Guest

Q.No.4. Data Processing Vs. Data Processing System.

No.	Data Processing	Data Processing System
1.	Data Processing is the restructuring, manipulating or recording of data by people or machines to increase their usefulness and value for some particular purpose.	Data Processing System is a system that accepts data as input, processes it into information and gives output.
2.	It refers to some operations, which are required to process data and to produce information. For example, classifying, sorting, summarizing etc.	It refers to some system which performs those functions.
3.	Processing involves some steps but does not include any components	The components in manual data processing system would be men. They will use simple tools such as paper, pencils and filing cabinets. Mechanical data processing systems utilise such mechanical devices as typewriters, calculating machines and book keeping machines. Automatic data processing implies the use of machines for data processing. It could be performed either by unit record method or electro mechanically by computer.
4.	The main objective of data processing is to increase the usefulness the data.	The system is designed to achieve the objectives of data processing.

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Q.No.5. Data Processing System (DPS) Vs. Management Information System.

No.	Data Processing System (DPS)	Management Information System (MIS)
1.	It is a system that collects as well as processes data and distributes information in the organization.	MIS is a network of computer based data processing procedures developed in an Organization with manual or other procedures for the purpose of providing timely and effective information to support decision making and other necessary management functions.
2.	Data processing can be performed manually with the aid of such simple tools like paper, pencil and filing cabinets or Electro-mechanically with the aid of unit record machines or electronically with the aid of a computer.	MIS uses the information generated by DPS and external information as resource for effective and better achievement of organizational objectives.
3.	DPS is hardware oriented.	MIS are organizational and Application oriented.
4.	The source of data is internal.	The source of data is both internal and external.
5.	DPS acts as a subsystem to the MIS.	MIS uses the information from DPS with additional activities performed by people for collecting information.

Guest

Q.No.6. Different Generations of Computers.

Particulars	First	Second	Third	Fourth	Fifth
Year	1949-55	1956-65	1966-75	1976-95	1996 onwards
Size	Room Size	Cupboard Size	Desk Size Minicomputer	Typewriter Sized Computers & Laptops	Credit Card Sized Computers & Palmtops
Density	One Component per Circuit	100 Components per Circuit	1000 Components per Circuit	Hundreds of Thousands of Components per Circuit	Millions of Components per Circuit
Technology	Vacuum Tubes	Transistors	Integrated Semiconductor Circuits	Large Scale Integrated Semiconductor Circuits	Very Large Scale Integrated Semiconductor Circuits
Main Memory	Magnetic Drum	Magnetic Core	Magnetic Core	LSI Semiconductor Circuits	VLSI Superconductor circuits
Secondary Storage	Magnetic Drum Magnetic Tape	Magnetic Tape, Magnetic Disk	Magnetic Disk, Magnetic Tape	Magnetic Disk, Floppy Disk, Magnetic, Bubble, Optical.	Optical Disks & Magnetic Disks
Memory	10K - 20K Characters	4K - 64K Characters	32K – 4000K Characters	51K – 32000K Characters	Billions of Characters
Operating Speed	Milli Seconds 10^-3	Micro Seconds 10^-6	Nano Seconds 10^-9	Pico Seconds 10^-12	Still less than Pico seconds. 10^-15
External Speed	Few thousand Instructions	Upto 10 Lakh Instructions	Upto 1 Crore Instructions	100 mps	Billion Instructions /sec.
Input/output devices	Punched card, paper tape	Paper tape, Magnetic tape, VDU	VDU, MICR, OCR	VDU, MICR, OCR, Voice Recognition	Speech Input, Tactile Input, Graphics, Voice Responses
Cost	Very High	Lower than First Generation	Lower than Second Generation	Lower than Third Generation	Very Low
Other features	Generate heat, Relatively slow & rigid in operations.	Reliable & Accurate, fast	Faster, reliable, time sharing & Multi Processing Made possible	Sophistication & Complex usage, Improved storage	Sophistication & Complex usage, improved storage
Programming Language	Machine & Assembly Level Language	High Level Language FORTRAN, COBOL.	High level Languages: FORTRAN IV, COBOL 68, PL/1,	Fourth Generation Language: FORTRAN 77, PASCAL, C, C++, JAVA.	Fifth Generation Languages
Data Processing	Serial	Spooling	Multi- Programming	Multi- Processing	Multi- Processing

Guest

Q.No.7. Master File Vs. Transaction File.

No.	Master File	Transaction File
1.	Master file contains relatively permanently records for identification and summarizing statistical information.	These are created from source documents used for recording events or transactions.
2.	It contains current or nearly current data, which is updated regularly.	These files generally contain information used for updating master files.
3.	It rarely contains detailed transaction data.	It contains detailed data.
4.	The product file, customer file and employee file are examples of master files.	Examples of transactional files are purchase orders, job cards, invoices etc.
5.	These are usually maintained on direct access storage devices.	These can be maintained on sequential as well as direct access storage devices.

Guest

Q.No.8. Workstation Vs. Microcomputer.

No.	Workstation	Microcomputer
1.	Workstations are powerful desktop computers designed to meet the needs of engineers, architects and other professionals who need good graphic displays.	It is a full-fledged computer system which uses a microprocessor as its CPU.
2.	It looks like a personal computer and is used by a single user. Its CPU uses Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC), which results in faster processing of instructions	It uses a microprocessor as its CPU. It is also a single user computer.
3.	Workstations generally run on Unix Operating System or a variation of it.	Microcomputers run on Dos, Unix, OS/2, MS Windows NT, etc. Microcomputers enable the users to switch between tasks known as Multitasking, which is a great time saver.
4.	Workstations are commonly used for Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and are used as servers for Local Area network (LAN)	It is multi purposeful. If the required software is available, it can be used for any application.
5.	Relatively fast in processing.	Relatively slow in processing.

Guest

Deepak plz post it in share files section in word file format. The topic u r dealing is nt a forum discussion topic. Just tell me - What type of discussion you expect on this topic. ??? And plz dont copy - paste frm other sites. Upload only ur creations. Or just mention the link there we wil go directly there n take printout of all info. So I REQUEST YOU TO STOP THIS AT THIS PLACE. Dont take it in otherwise way. Anyway, good work but wrong section.