AS 2 issued by ICAI requires cost of inventory to include cost of materials, cost of conversion and any cost incurred for bringing the inventory to its present location and condition. Further cost of materials shall include cost of purchase, freight and taxes which are not refundable. Hence for presenting financial statements under Indian GAAP inventory shall not include VAT paid thereon if it can be taken as Input Credit for subsequent utilization towards payment of VAT charged on sales. This is known as exclusive method.
However under Section 145A of Income Tax Act, the statute has asked to follow inclusive method while computing the value of inventory, purchases & sales. In other words, purchases, sales and inventory shall include all taxes paid there on.
But in both the cases the effect on net profit or loss in the Profit & Loss Account shall be same since under inclusive method, both closing inventory (a Cr Side Item) and purchases (a Dr Side item) shall include VAT paid there upon thereby nullying the effect of VAT in closing inventory.