While the basic salary is fully taxable according to respective tax bracket, some exemptions are available for payments made as allowances and perks.
You can calculate TDS on your income by following the below steps.
Calculate gross monthly income as a sum of basic income, allowances and perquisites. Calculate available exemptions under Section 10 of the Income Tax Act (ITA).
Exemptions are applicable to allowances such as medical, HRA, travel.
Reduce exemptions according to step (2) for the gross monthly income calculated in step (1).
As TDS is calculated on yearly income, multiply the corresponding figure from above calculation by 12.
This is your yearly taxable income from salary. If you have any other income source such as income from house rent or have incurred losses from paying housing loan interests, add/subtract this amount from the figure in step (4).
Next, calculate your investments for the year which fall under Chapter VI-A of ITA, and deduct this amount from the gross income calculated in step (5).
An example of this would be exemption of up to Rs.1.5 lakh under Section 80C, which includes investment avenues such as PPF, life insurance premiums, mutual funds, home loan repayment, ELSS, NSC, Sukanya Samriddhi account and so on.
Now, reduce the maximum allowable income tax exemptions on a salary. Currently, income up to Rs.2.5 lakhs is fully exempt from paying taxes, while income from Rs.2.5 lakhs to Rs.5 lakhs is taxed at 10%, and Rs.5 lakhs to Rs.10 lakhs income bracket is taxed at 20%. All income above this amount is taxed at 30%.
Do note that senior citizen have different tax slabs and receive higher exemptions than those discussed above Income Tax Slabs TDS Deductions Tax Payable Up to Rs.2.5 lakhs Nil Nil Rs.2.5 lakhs to Rs.5 lakhs 10% of(Rs.5,00,00-Rs.2,50,00 Rs.25,000 Rs.5 lakhs to Rs.6.33 lakhs 20% of(Rs.6,33,00-Rs.5,00,00) Rs.26,600.
Here you will find a tool called salary calculator. One can see the details growth of his salary and also they can add future companies to see the expected salary growth as per their profile.