An Act is broken down into chapters, and chapters are broken down into sections. You can think of sections as Paragraphs of the book of Act. Each section relates to some new topic within the act.
Schedules are like attachments to the act. They're not parts of the act, and usually contain long tables and other such data to be used for lists, presentation formats and classification that are useful for the compliance with the Act.
Rules are also not parts of the Act, but instead are issued separately to lay down detailed procedures for the general statements within an Act. The power to make rules are contained within the Act, and rules are meant to specify the frequently recurring general statements such as "as may be prescribed". The rules are the ones that prescribe this.
Yes, section, scheduled and rules are a part of all laws classes.
But this is also very common knowledge which can be expected to be found online without much effort, but the explanations won't make much sense unless you see them in practice/action. Only then will you be able to clearly distinguish.
For Companies Act - Darshan Khare (but would recommend Sudarshan Agrawal); For Income Tax - Bhanwar Borana (On Youtube Summary Lectures are freely available); For GST - Brindavan Giri (Revision Lectures)