Particulars
|
First
|
Second
|
Third
|
Fourth
|
Fifth
|
Year
|
1949-55
|
1956-65
|
1966-75
|
1976-95
|
1996 onwards
|
Size
|
Room Size
|
Cupboard Size
|
Desk Size Minicomputer
|
Typewriter Sized Computers & Laptops
|
Credit Card Sized Computers & Palmtops
|
Density
|
One Component per Circuit
|
100 Components per Circuit
|
1000 Components per Circuit
|
Hundreds of Thousands of Components per Circuit
|
Millions of Components per Circuit
|
Technology
|
Vacuum Tubes
|
Transistors
|
Integrated
Semiconductor
Circuits
|
Large Scale Integrated Semiconductor Circuits
|
Very Large Scale Integrated Semiconductor
Circuits
|
Main Memory
|
Magnetic Drum
|
Magnetic Core
|
Magnetic Core
|
LSI Semiconductor Circuits
|
VLSI Superconductor circuits
|
Secondary Storage
|
Magnetic Drum Magnetic Tape
|
Magnetic Tape, Magnetic Disk
|
Magnetic Disk,
Magnetic Tape
|
Magnetic Disk,
Floppy Disk,
Magnetic, Bubble, Optical.
|
Optical Disks & Magnetic Disks
|
Memory
|
10K - 20K
Characters
|
4K - 64K
Characters
|
32K – 4000K
Characters
|
51K – 32000K
Characters
|
Billions of Characters
|
Operating Speed
|
Milli Seconds
10-3
|
Micro Seconds
10-6
|
Nano Seconds
10-9
|
Pico Seconds
10-12
|
Still less than Pico seconds.
10-15
|
External Speed
|
Few thousand
Instructions
|
Upto 10 Lakh
Instructions
|
Upto 1 Crore
Instructions
|
100 mps
|
Billion
Instructions /sec.
|
Input/output devices
|
Punched card, paper tape
|
Paper tape, Magnetic tape, VDU
|
VDU, MICR,
OCR
|
VDU, MICR,
OCR, Voice Recognition
|
Speech Input, Tactile Input, Graphics, Voice Responses
|
Cost
|
Very High
|
Lower than
First Generation
|
Lower than
Second
Generation
|
Lower than
Third
Generation
|
Very Low
|
Other features
|
Generate heat, Relatively slow & rigid in operations.
|
Reliable & Accurate, fast
|
Faster, reliable, time sharing & Multi Processing Made possible
|
Sophistication
& Complex usage, Improved storage
|
Sophistication
& Complex usage, improved storage
|
Programming
Language
|
Machine &
Assembly Level Language
|
High Level
Language
FORTRAN,
COBOL.
|
High level
Languages:
FORTRAN IV,
COBOL 68, PL/1,
|
Fourth Generation
Language:
FORTRAN 77,
PASCAL, C,
C++, JAVA.
|
Fifth
Generation
Languages
|
Data
Processing
|
Serial
|
Spooling
|
Multi-
Programming
|
Multi-
Processing
|
Multi-
Processing
|
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