This document provides a clear, pictorial presentation of who is considered a 'related party' under Section 40A(2)(b) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, specifically for company assessees. It visually breaks down the relationships that trigger this section, including directors, relatives, individuals with substantial interest, and associated companies. This is a useful resource for understanding potential disallowances on expenditure related to these parties and is ideal for tax professionals, accountants, and business owners navigating Indian tax law.