No you cannot claim TDS pertaining to other years while filing return for a particular year.
Regarding earlier years returns and refunds you can make an application for condonation of delay along with a manual return for those financial years claiming refund. In case the amount involved is less than 10 lacs, the same can be entertained by either Principal Commissioner of income tax or commissioner of Income Tax.
Conditions: 1)The income in respect of which the refund is being claimed should not be includible in the income of any other persons.
2)The claim for refund should have arisen due to TDS, of payment of advance tax or self assessment.
3) you will not be entitled to any interest on the amount of refund due to you.