Holding and subsidiary company and associate company

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how to write answer of holding and subsidiary company is question comes directly in difference form
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Hey Pakhee! If a question asks you to write the difference between Holding Company and Subsidiary Company, here’s a neat, simple way to answer it in a tabular/difference form:


Difference Between Holding Company and Subsidiary Company

Aspect Holding Company Subsidiary Company
Definition A company that holds majority shares/control in another company. A company controlled by the holding company through majority shares.
Control Has control over the subsidiary company. Is controlled by the holding company.
Ownership Owns more than 50% shares in subsidiary. Majority shares are owned by holding company.
Function Controls policies, management, and decisions of subsidiary. Operates as an independent company but under holding company’s influence.
Example Parent company owning other companies. Company owned and managed by holding company.

If you also want to include Associate Company for comparison, here’s a quick addition:

Aspect Associate Company
Definition A company in which another company has significant influence (usually 20%-50% shares) but not control.
Control No control, only significant influence.
Ownership Holds 20%-50% shares (equity participation).
Function Independent company with some influence from the investor company.

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