Finance/Compliance Consultant
68747 Points
Posted on 04 July 2026
Under Section 44AD, presumptive income covers all business expenses, but personal expenses and loans are not business-related and should be treated as "Drawings" or "Loans/Advances." A negative cash balance is legally hazardous as it may lead the Income Tax Department to treat the shortfall as unexplained income under Section 68. You should always ensure your cash book reflects reality and separate personal transactions from business accounts.