Discussions on first chapter of isca

Ram u explain decoupling , Khushboo - slack and flexible resources in Subsystem characteristics.

if two different subsystems are connected very tightly,very close coordination between them is required.  For example, rawmaterial input into finished goods production.

 

the following attributes also to be included:

 

1. Reliability

2.frequency

3. adequacy

madhavi pls. discuss supra-system,system stress and system change

A Supra-System refers to the entity formed by a system and other equivalent systems with which it interacts. For example, an organization may be subdivided into numerous functional areas such as marketing, finance, manufacturing, research and development. Each of these functional areas can be viewed as a subsystem of a larger organizational system because each could be considered to be a system in and of itself.

Means supra system is a set of systems which can be divided into subsystems and all these systems will interact with each other

Systems whether living or artificial systems like organizational systems, information systems, change because they undergo stress. A stress is a force transmitted by a system’s supra-system that causes a system to change, so that the supra-system can better achieve its goals.

A Supra-system enforces compliance by the system through its control over the supply of resources and information input to the system. If the system does not accommodate the stress the supra-system decreases or terminates the supply of matter energy and information input to the system.

Let us discuss about types of information

Pl explain on what factors information requirement depends

they are majorly classified into external and internal information.

 

An Internal information can be defined as an information that has been generated from the operations of the organisation at various functional areas. , at various leveles.. from junior staff to top most staff 

 

External information is collected from external environment. external information is considered to affect the organizational performance from out side organization. e.g. govt poilicies, competition, economy status etc.,

Factors on which information is required: Operational function : The grouping or clustering of several functional units on the basis of related activities into a sub-systems is termed as Operational function. ( Bring into a subsystem several functional units depending upon related activities ) and Information requirement depends upon operational function. The information requirement of different operational functions vary not only in content but also in characteristics. In fact, the content of information depends upon the activities performed under an operational function

The factors on which the information requirements of executives depend are as follows:

1. Operational function 2. Type of decision making. 3. Level of management activity.

 

Operational function: The grouping or clustering of several functional units on the basis of related activities into a sub-system is termed as operational function. e.g. in a company, the finance dept., is divided into operational functions of payables, receivables, treasury, banking etc.,

 

2. Types of decision making can be categorised as programmed decision and non-programmed decisions.

 

Programmed decisions are structures made on the problems and solutions by reference to a predetermined set of precidents,procedures ,techniques and rules. whereas non-programmed decisionare unstructure and are made on situations and problems.there is no precedent in such type of decision . it is a novel and non-repetitive decisions. 

ram and Khusboo , hey r u going through the subject r just typing r u reading and sending know

Thirdly, level of management activity. a. top level. b. middle level. c. supervisory level

 

a. top level: decisions are strategic and critical for the suvival and success of the organisation.

 

b. Middle level. are tactical or operational decision. Thedecisions are made to implement the top level decisions.

 

c.supervisiory level: this is the lowest levelin managerial hierarchy wherein the managers coordinate the work of others who are not themseelves managers.