Demand & Time Liability of Savings Bank Account

Demand and time liability of savings deposits

Demand liability is one which is demandable at any point of time whereas time liability is one which is core portion and not demandable for a longer period. when interest on savings deposits was paid on month minimum balance (from 11 to 31 date of the month) the average of minimum balance could be reckoned from interest formulae as under.

Monthly interest = Principal * Rate / 1200

From that minimum balance was derived as

Principal = Half yearly interest paid / Rate *1200 / 6

This principal was divided by sum of average balance for 6 months which is a core portion or time liability and the rest is demand liability.

This formulae was not proper because in that case only volatility between 11th to 31st days was counted and volatility of first 10 days was ignored as interest was paid on the minimum balance of 11 to 31st dates. So, the minimum balance predicted from the interest formulae was not giving the actual core portion. (e.g. if the opening balance of the month is rs.10000/-, and if Rs  5000/- credited on 9^th date than minimum balance as per this formulae will be Rs15000/- as interest will be given on Rs 15000/- but in actual case the right minimum balance is Rs 10000/- only.) So as per old formulae if there is a single transaction of credit before 11^th date, the demand portion is less than actual i.e. core portion is wrongly more than actual Rs 15000/- instead of Rs 10000/-. Further in the new era of differential interest rate, one can’t use this interest based formulae to get minimum balance.

In my opinion the core/demandable portion has nothing to do with interest formulae. But to get minimum balance from the old ledgers was cumbersome and tedious as well as lengthy process. To simplify this, the minimum balance was predicted from interest formulae as interest was paid on minimum balance and average balance could be easily found from general balance ledgers. So, the interest formula was used to get minimum balance.

To simplify, considering the formulae the actual concept is of minimum & average balance only.

(Demand = withdrawal and rest minimum balance is core or time portion)

In the current situation when interest is paid on daily product the minimum balance cannot be derived from the earlier used formulae. in that case we have to derive minimum as well as average balance from the data’s directly and demand liabilities of savings can be derived from the formulae given below.

Demandable savings portion (%) = 100 - (average of last 6 months minimum balance / average of last 6 months average balance *100)

e.g.

If we want we can also calculate this at quarterly or yearly interval by taking respective average balances instead of half yearly interval. As in earlier days interest was paid at half yearly interval, this calculation also done for the same period to get minimum balance from interest paid amount. But now we are doing quarterly closing we can introduce quarterly calculation also. In the aggressive marketing and differential interest rate era, we should consider average of last 3 months instead of half yearly interval.

By: Dipesh S.Shah